1、有没有有关骨折(比如说怎么急救骨折)的英文文章?
Fracture is a description of the way a mineral tends to break. It is different from cleavage and parting which are generally clean flat breaks along specific directions. Fracture occurs in all minerals even ones with cleavage, although a lot of cleavage directions can diminish the appearance of fracture surfaces. Different minerals will break in different ways and leave a surface that can be described in a recognizable way. Is the broken area smooth? Irregular? Jagged? Splintery? These are some of the ways of describing fracture.
Although many minerals break in similar ways, some have a unique fracture and this can be diagnostic.
The most common fracture type is conchoidal. This is a smoothly curved fracture that is familiar to people who have examined broken glass. Sometimes described as a clam-shell fracture. Quartz has this fracture type and almost all specimens that have been broken, demonstrate this fracture type very well.
Another common type is subconchoidal. Similar to conchoidal, just not as curved, but still smooth. Andalusite can show this type.
Uneven is a type that is basically self explanatory. It is a common type that is found in anhydrite.
Unlike uneven, jagged has sharp points or edges that catch on a finger that's rubbed across the surface. Usually this indicates a metal such as copper , a metal alloy or some sulfides or oxides.
Splintery is a fracture type that occurs in fibrous or finely acicular minerals and in minerals that have a relatively stronger structure in one direction than the other two. Chrysotile serpentine is a typical mineral with splintery fracture and kyanite is an example of a non-fibrous mineral that has this fracture.
Earthy is a fracture that proces a texture similar to broken children's clay. It is found in minerals that are generally massive and loosely consolidated such as limonite.
Fracture First Aid: Tips and Technique
Fractures often occur as a result of a fall or a collision. The bones of the arms and legs are particularly vulnerable to breakage, but any bone in the body can be fractured. The type of first aid administered depends upon the kind of fracture and its location in the body. All first aid proceres for fractures include the following steps:
1) If there is bleeding at the fracture site, treat the bleeding before treating the fracture.
2) If excessive blood loss has led to shock, lay the victim down and treat for shock.
3) Do not attempt to straighten an injured limb if it is deformed.
4) Move the uninjured limb as little as possible.
5) If the victim has an open fracture, with a wound on the skin surface, do not bandage tightly over the injury site. Apply a clean dressing gently over any wound.
6) Contact medical personnel as soon as possible.
A dislocation, which is a displacement of the bone at a joint, has many of the same symptoms as a fracture. These symptoms include possible deformity of the limb, pain and numbness immediately surrounding the injured area. If there is uncertainty as to whether the injury is a fracture or a dislocation, always treat for a fracture. See Bleeding: First Aid; First Aid Procere: Shock Treatment.
Arm or Elbow Fracture:
When the lower end of the forearm is fractured, there is often little or no deformity. It is a fairly common fracture and is often mistaken for a sprained wrist. If the fracture is closed, an ice bag and limb elevation may be used to prevent further swelling. Do not let ice come into direct contact with the skin. Use ice for only 10 minutes at a time to avoid tissue damage. In the case of a severe break, do not give the victim food or drink, in case a general anesthetic is needed later.
Hand or Finger Fracture:
Bleeding into tissues that will cause swelling may complicate fractures of the hand and finger. Remove jewelry, especially rings, only if the removal does not aggravate the injury. If the fracture is closed, an ice bag and limb elevation may be used to prevent the swelling. Do not let ice come into direct contact with the skin. Use ice for only 10 minutes at a time to avoid tissue damage.
Hip, Thigh, or Knee Fracture:
Fractures of the hip may be complicated by injury to the organs of the pelvis. Do not move the victim, because there may also be spinal injuries. Do not try to straighten the fractured bone or raise the victim's legs. Do not give the victim food or drink, in case a general anesthetic is needed later. Keep the victim lying down and observe the pulse and breathing. If breathing stops, give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Get medical aid as soon as possible. See Artificial Respiration.
Foot, Ankle, or Toe Fracture:
Fractures of the foot, ankle, and toe are common injuries, often caused by a fall. They are also usually relatively minor, so before treating them, make a check for and treat any more serious injuries. It is often impossible to distinguish between fractures, dislocations, and bad sprains, the obvious sign in all three being pain and swelling. If in doubt, always treat the injury as a fracture. Do not allow the victim to attempt standing on an injured limb. Lay the victim down and get medical assistance. If it is necessary to transport the victim, a stretcher should be used. See Transporting an Injured Person.
Shoulder or Collarbone Fracture:
A fracture of the collarbone is usually caused by a fall on an outstretched hand or a fall on the point of a shoulder. The injury is relatively easy to recognize. The arm on the injured side is partially limp, and a swelling or deformity can be felt or seen over the fracture site. Do not give the victim food or drink as a general anesthetic may be needed later. Incline the victim's head toward the injured side to relieve pain. Move the arm on the fractured side as little as possible.
Spine or Rib Fracture:
A fractured spine is an extremely serious injury. If the victim is incorrectly handled, the spinal cord may be permanently damaged, resulting in paralysis. Symptoms of a fractured spine include severe pain in the back, loss of limb sensation, and loss of limb control. Do not move the victim. Rib fractures can also be very serious. If the ribs have punctured the lungs, the victim will have pain and difficulty breathing and may cough up blood or be in shock. If the ribs have penetrated the skin surface, there may be an open, "sucking" wound. Treat bleeding only if it is severe enough to endanger life. Treat any "sucking" chest wounds immediately with an airtight dressing. If the victim stops breathing, give artificial resuscitation. Get medical aid as soon as possible.
2、祝愿骨折的人早日康复的文章
1,你的康复,就是我的幸福;你的安康,就是我的平安。你会好起来的!2,以自然之道,养自然之身。一个人当他浑然忘却了自己年龄时,才是最健壮的时期。3,天气变得真快,北风悄悄吹来,出门外套要带,睡觉记着要盖,多吃水果青菜,还要记着补钙,健康永远相伴!4,想想父母,吃药不苦;想想亲朋,打针不痛;想想心里的……病就会好啦!祝你早日康复,变得生龙活虎。?5,阳光照耀的地方有我默默的祝福,月光洒向地球的时候有我默默的祈祷,流星划过的刹那我许个愿:祝愿正在看短信的你远离病痛!?6,烟少抽点,酒少喝点,牢骚少发点,心态好一点,心情舒畅一点,这样你的身体就会健康多一点。?7,生病不可怕,只要信念在,康复不是梦,来日展宏图;把病魔看作挑战,把信念当作武器。祝早日康复!?8,首先,希望你有漂亮的护士MM照顾;之二,每天都被鲜花和祝福,还有好吃的东东包围;之三,当然是最重要的一点喽,希望你早日康复!9,月色浓浓如酒,春色轻轻吹柳,桃花开了许久,不知见到没有,病毒世间少有,切忌四处乱走,没事消毒洗手,祝你健康永久!
3、舟骨的舟骨骨折临床报道(论文)
中医正骨 2000年第5期第12卷 临床报道 韩鲁宁 王之海 梁顺兴 张申庆 梁冬炜 梁振兴 尹逊菊
韩鲁宁(山东省宁阳县中医院);王之海(河北省万全县医院);梁顺兴 张申庆 梁冬炜 梁振兴 尹逊菊(山东省肥城市中医医院 271600) Colle’s骨折;并发症;腕舟骨骨折;诊断与治疗;病例报告
Colle’s骨折同时伴腕舟骨骨折的报道虽然不多,但此种损伤并非少见。自1983~1999年,作者通过对1015例Colle's骨折的严格检查后发现有66例伴不同程度的腕舟骨骨折,现总结报告如下。 1.1 一般资料 本组66例中男41例,女25例;年龄最小23岁,最大68岁,平均37.5岁;左侧27例,右侧38例,双侧1例。其中腕舟骨结节部骨折3例,腰部骨折60例,近端骨折3例。伴多腕骨骨折并脱位者2例,伴尺骨茎突或桡骨茎突骨折者23例。新鲜骨折57例,其中有移位者18例,无明显移位者39例;陈旧性骨折9例,有移位者3例,无明显移位者6例,骨坏死2例,早期1例,晚期1例。
1.2 诊断依据 所有的病例除具有Colle's骨折的特征外,均有鼻烟窝凹陷消失和压痛,腕舟骨结节压痛,第1、2掌骨纵轴叩击痛及腕关节桡偏背伸活动受限和疼痛。腕关节正侧斜位X线片除见有明显的桡骨远端骨折外,可见腕舟骨有横穿对侧骨皮质的骨折线。
1.3 治疗方法 先整复Colle's骨折,一般腕舟骨骨折能随之复位,但应注意防止无移位骨折发生移位。若复位不佳,可由助手控制已复位的桡骨远端,术者一拇指按住鼻烟窝,另一手虎口卡住手背,食指抵住尺骨小头,拇指置舟骨结节处向尺侧挤压并微微活动一下腕关节,舟骨即可紧密吻合复位。敷贴接骨膏后按照Colle's骨折的固定方法掌侧放1块杉皮板,背侧放瓦型纸壳超腕固定于掌屈30°略尺偏位。鼻烟窝不放压垫。4周后更换简易法维持2~3周以利患腕做轻微活动。固定解除后用中药烫洗,进行以握拳活动为主的功能锻炼。数月内仍应注意避免强力背伸和桡偏活动。按三期原则服用伤科药。1个月内的陈旧性骨折可重新整复,1个月以上及骨坏死者仅以药物治疗不做特殊处理。
1.4 治疗结果 57例新鲜骨折复位优良者55例,间隙稍大者1例,远端向尺侧倾移者1例;9例陈旧性骨折5例位置较好,4例较差(其中3例未予整复),1例骨坏死中断治疗,1例早期坏死治疗10个月痊愈。随访1~9年,平均2年5个月。随访结果陈旧性骨折4例中1例功能恢复较好,3例较差且遇冷、劳累时有酸痛;新鲜骨折32例功能全部恢复正常,均无畸形,无自觉症状,无1例发生骨坏死。 2.1 诊断问题 Colle's骨者伴腕舟骨骨折临床并不少见,只是腕舟骨骨折常易被忽略〔1〕。作者对1015例Colle's骨折经精心检查后发现有66例并发舟骨骨折,约占6%,应引起注意。提示临床不要见Colle's骨折就急着治疗而漏诊腕舟骨骨折。由于两者愈合速度不同,需要固定的时间长短也不一样,如果舟骨骨折未被发现按Colle's骨折处理,过早解除固定就有可能使无移位的舟骨骨折发生移位,甚至形成不愈合及骨坏死。一旦发生骨坏死中药虽能取效,但疗程太长而使人难以坚持;假体置入目前尚不太过关,不可轻易采取;其它手术方法也很难保证腕关节功能彻底恢复。因此,最好的办法是勿忘检查舟骨,做到及时发现及时治疗。对两者同时骨折的可能性缺乏认识是漏误诊的重要原因。两者具有相同的致伤机制,同时骨折的可能性应该是能够考虑到的,由于教科书和专著多系单独叙述,对同时骨折的记载较少,有关的报导也少见,故而至今未能引起临床上的注意。第一印象的误导也是漏误诊的原因之一。Colle's骨折的临床表现明显大于并掩盖了舟骨骨折的临床表现,给人第一印象的腕部餐叉畸形,最先把人的注意力吸引并局限到Colle's骨折上,从而疏漏了对舟骨的检查。另外X线片清晰度差或位置不标准都会给诊断带来困难,2~3周间是最佳摄片检查时间,其间由于骨折处骨质吸收,骨折线多能明显认出〔2〕,疏忽了此时检查常造成漏诊。作者曾对1例可疑者在3周之内做过5次摄片,最终明确了诊断。此外,阅片欠认真细致也容易漏诊。有时骨折线很难辨认,需要反复辨认或借助放大镜对比观察,必要时可行CT检查。
2.2 固定体位 对于Colle's骨折的治疗普遍的做法是掌屈尺偏位固定。绝大多数腕舟骨骨折是在与Colle's骨折相同的受伤机制下形成的,所以也应该固定在掌屈尺偏位。两种骨折同时发生,固定在掌屈尺偏位是理所当然的。临床实践证明采取这种体位固定效果良好并无不妥。然而教科书和不少专著却认为舟骨骨折应固定在腕背伸30°位〔3〕,作者认为这不符合一般骨折治疗的机理。倘若如此,那么两者同时骨折时就要一个背伸一个掌屈固定了,诚然这是行不通的。但是掌屈尺偏的度数如果过大时,容易导致成角畸形应予以注意。
2.3 固定时间 对于舟骨骨折的固定时间,教科书也好,专著也好,观点基本上都是一致的,即强调长期固定,少则2个月,多则4个月甚至更长〔4〕。对此作者有不同认识。骨折治疗应以现代医学模式为出发点,不能把有生命的骨头当作木头来治疗。对任何骨折来说无谓的长期固定,尤其是绝对固定都是有害无益的。腕舟骨是关节内骨更不例外。长期固定关节易造成粘连,加重缺血致骨质疏松,影响骨折愈合,甚至形成不愈合及骨坏死。临床中不难见到这样的事实,即一个位置良好的Colle's骨折经超长时间的固定后,其X线片会显示出所有腕关节组成骨的骨质疏松,甚至出现低密度囊状改变,骨间隙也变得模糊不清。如果复位不良,这种情况将会加重。若同时伴有舟骨骨折,舟骨的愈合将可想而知。因此,固定一旦达到目的即应及时减弱或解除,以利关节运动。唯有运动方能使筋血舒活,筋血舒活方能有利于骨的生长和健壮。Colle's骨折4周即有较好的连接,舟骨虽然愈合慢,但此时也已有纤维性连接,在此基础上再进行2~3周的简单固定就足够了。这种简单固定松范围小,有利于做无损伤性的轻微活动,既保证了骨折的相对稳定性,又有利于血液循环。实践证明其总体固定时间以不超过7~8周为宜。只是应提醒患者,在解除固定后的数月内仍不要做有损于舟骨的强力桡偏背伸活动。作者摆脱了旧框框的束缚,从骨的生理需要和临床实践出发,大胆地缩短了固定时间,取得了良好的效果,使功能恢复的时间大大提前,同时避免了腕舟骨坏死的发生。
2.4 压垫的应用 有人主张鼻烟窝处放置小压垫〔5〕,许多人也就自觉不自觉地将其视为一种必然的治法而接受之。对此作者持有不同观点,认为使用小压垫弊大利小不用为好。首先因鼻烟窝处血管神经丰富,又有拇指肌腱通过,如果用手指按一下一个正常人的鼻烟窝时,就会立刻感到酸麻胀痛,此处若长期放置压垫定会影响血液运行而不利于骨折愈合。此外,对小压垫的作用应持怀疑态度。舟骨骨折主要是腕关节处于桡偏背伸位时,桡骨的背侧缘或茎突切于舟骨造成的,掌屈尺偏位致伤因素解除,骨折已经复位,只要患腕不做桡偏背伸活动舟骨就能保持稳定,故无须使用小压垫。
2.5 医嘱问题 术后应当把注意事项详细地告诉患者,如功能锻炼的时间和方式、应当避免和禁止的活动等等。这对于Colle's骨折伴舟骨骨折的预后至关重要。不同患者有着不同的性格和心理因素,无所顾及地莽动和过分娇气地拒动都有违医理,预后难测。只有在完整医嘱指导下尽可能取得患者的合作,才能防患于未然。 1,许竞斌。实用骨科学。上海:上海卫生出版社,1958:126
2,天津医院。临床骨科学。北京:人民卫生出版社,1973:235
3,山东中医学院骨科教研组,山东中医学院附属医院骨科。临床正骨学。济南:山东科学技术出版社,1979;114
4,广州中医学院主编。中医伤科学。上海:上海科学技术出版社,1981:104
5,毛宾尧,林圣洲。临床骨科手册。北京:人民卫生出版社,1992:236

4、我们同学骨折了,要写作文
我们都是在父母的爱里成长的,我们是最幸福的.父母的心是最仁慈的法官,是最贴心的朋友,是爱的太阳,他们是最无私的.
有一次上学,我在操场上玩,不小心被冰块滑倒了.我的脚一动就疼,老师给我的爸爸妈妈打了个电话.爸爸妈妈马上就赶来了,妈妈用手擦下我的泪珠,爸爸则背起我往医院走,他们小心翼翼的走着,生怕我摔倒了.到了医院,医生说骨折了,他给我打上石膏。爸爸又背我回家,天有不测风云,就在这时又下起雪来,妈妈把他的棉衣给我披上。我们安全的回到了家。
爸爸妈妈在我危险的时候帮助我,他们多么伟大呀!就像书上说的那句话一样:“亲情是温暖心灵的阳光,亲情是抚摩痛处的手掌,亲情是深厚的爱,亲情是令人永远难忘。”长辈对我的亲情难以回报,而我们就应该妈好好学习,回报他们对我们的亲情。
或
撕裂般的疼痛把我从梦中惊醒。望望四周,我仍躺在冷清的病房里,12岁的我本应快快乐乐地待在学校里,而骨折带来的痛苦让我不得不承受这一切。我忍不住哭了,泪珠一颗颗滑落下来。“孩子,怎么了?”妈妈听到我的哭声,立刻从床上爬起来,走到我的面前。“没什么,作恶梦而已。您去睡吧,我没事的。”为了让母亲放心一些,我只好这样说。妈妈用那双粗糙的手抚摸着我,哄我入睡。等我再次进入梦乡时,才躺回自己的床上休息。。每天早上六,七点,护士就会来量体温。妈妈只好拖着疲惫不堪的身子,在我身旁寸步不离地守护着。手术的时间到了,医生们把我抬进了手术室。我疼得哇哇大叫,嘴里不停地呼喊着妈妈的名字,直到打了麻醉药以后,才慢慢失去了知觉。由于是第二次骨折了,前前后后又已经动了三次手术,虚弱的我过了一个多小时才渐渐苏醒过来,看什么都是模模糊糊的。唯一感觉到的就是妈妈正握着我的手。随后,又昏了过去。。第二天早上,按惯例,护士由来查体温,一量居然有39摄氏度。我发烧了,浑身滚烫。爸爸妈妈都十分着急,到处找消炎退烧的药,可吃了后却一点不见效。妈妈急忙找来了医生,测了一下心跳。天啊!我每分钟心跳近150下。正常人的心跳每分钟仅有70下呀!他们立即给我输氧,这才缓解了病情。这种担惊受怕的日子持续了大约4天左右,我的烧总算是退了下来,可心跳仍很快,爸爸妈妈于是只好请假照顾我。就这样,仅仅几天,父母便苍老了许多,皱纹也增长了不少。我心里无比愧疚,可总是深藏在心里,不敢说出口。到了出院的日子,我被用担架抬回了家。为了不让我在学习上掉队,爸爸买了初一上册所有科目的书,耐心地辅导我。可爸爸没学过英语,只好请了一个老师教我。看我学得那么认真,他也松了一口气。就在那些天里,我不断地读呀,背呀,看呀,三个月就自学完了所有课程。但毕竟没有老师,所以有些副科让我很伤脑筋,但爸爸安慰我说:“谁叫你把腿摔坏了呢?不过,别担心,初一的课程并不很难,但初二可得加油了。”我点了点头,笑了。时间过得很快,我的伤好了,又来到了盼望已久的校园,可那段伤痛的经历却成为我花季岁月里最深刻的回忆。虽然,在这段回忆中有说不出的苦涩,但我仍能体会到一丝甜意:我迈出了人生的第一步,学会了面对困苦,又体会到了父母对我无比的爱!
5、西霜99 你好!我是一个不幸的髌骨骨折患者,61岁了。有幸的是看到了你的有关康复的文章,指导意义
你好,髌骨骨折一般一个半月就可以愈合恢复的,请问有没有固定呢?需要石膏固定一个月的,药物只是辅助作用.
6、读了挫折是存折,而不是骨折这篇文章后,你有什么收获?请结合生活实际谈一谈你的理解
受挫折的经历,是财富,\是积累,是存折。别人没经历过的,你经历过了,这就是精神财富。
7、犬骨折治疗毕业论文
写论文的时候内容提要应把论文的主要观点提示出来,便于读者一看就能了解论文内容的要点。论文提要要求写得简明而又全面,不要罗哩罗嗦抓不住要点或者只是干巴巴的几条筋,缺乏说明观点的材料。 内容提要可分为报道性提要和指示性提要。
报道性提要,主要介绍研究的主要方法与成果以及成果分析等,对文章内容的提示较全面。