骨质疏松的英文名词解释

1、英文名词解释。。急急急。。

1 The west movement in the contemporary American history is known as a process of a large scaled colonial expansion, further opening-up of the western territory, urbanization, instrialization and national merging in the States. It began after the North American War of Independence, reached the climax in the mid-19th century, and basically ended in the late 19th century. It almost ran throughout the entire process of modernization of the United States.
The westward movement in American history can be divided into three phases, accompanied by three major migration flows. First, from the late 18th century to the early 19th century, large numbers of immigrants crossed the Mountain Appalachians and opened up the Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee areas. The second phase began in 1815, the immigrants moved towards two directions: one part opened up the north region of the Ohio River, and another part went into the plain areas between southern Georgia and Louisiana. The third phase began in the mid-19th century, along with the territorial expansion of the U.S. government, a large number of immigrants continued to move westward to the direction of the Pacific coast. Until 1890, the Westward Movement formally ended.
Westward Movement was an incident with far-reaching and significant impact on the history of the United States. It has significant influence on the U.S. economy, politics and society. Politically, it has helped establish the modern territory of the United States and lay the foundation of the modern United States. Economically, it has not only developed vast western lands, established the grain and fruit base, and provided a vast domestic market and adequate raw materials for instrial development, but also laid the foundation of instrial development, and changed the instrial structures and focus. Culturally, immigrants from different countries and nationalities integrated into a whole part and formed a unique national character.
2 Thanksgiving Day is a harvest festival celebrated primarily in the United States and Canada. Traditionally, it is a time to give thanks to God for the harvest and express gratitude to others for our many blessings. While historically religious in origin, Thanksgiving is now primarily identified as a secular holiday.

2、presupposition的英文名词解释是什么

应该是“前提”
因为他的动词解释是“以...为前提”

3、求名词解释！用英文

Logistics 物流

7R theory of logistics 物流7R理论

 “物流7R理论”是一种简单明了对“物流”的定义，该理论是由美国密西根大学斯麦基教授所倡导。以下是它的内容。

 “物流就是将恰当的质量(Right Quality)，恰当的数量(Right Quantity)，恰当的价格(Right Price)，恰当的商品(Right Commodity)，在恰当的时间(Right Time)，送到恰当的场所(Right Place)，恰当的顾客(Right Customers)手中。”

3PL 第三方物流third-party logistics

supply chain 供应链

EDI 电子数据交换 Electronic Data Interchange

4、英文名词解释the pilgrims

the pilgrims，清教徒; 英国清教徒;
清教徒（Puritan），是指要求清除英国国教中天主教残余的改革派。其字词于16世纪60年代开始使用，源于拉丁文 的Purus，意为清洁。 清教徒信奉加尔文主义（Calvinism），认为《圣经》才是唯一最高权威，任何教会或个人都不能成为传统权威的解释者和维护者。清教徒的先驱者产生于玛丽一世统治后期，流亡于欧洲大陆的英国新教团体中。及后，部分移居至美洲。
英文翻译:
The Puritans (Puritan) were reformers who demanded the removal of Catholic remnants of the Church of england. The term was first used in 1560s, derived from Latin Purus, meaning "clean". Puritans believe in the doctrine of Calvin (Calvinism), that the Bible is the only supreme authority, any church or indivial can not become the traditional authority of the interpreter and defenders. The Puritan pioneers were born in the British Protestant groups that were exiled to the continent in the late reign of Marie. And later moved to america.

很久没有翻译了，有点生疏，仅供参考。

5、英语名词解释

The Cold War was the state of conflict, tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s. Throughout this period, rivalry between the two superpowers was expressed through military coalitions, propaganda, espionage, weapons development, instrial advances, and competitive technological development, which included the space race. Both superpowers engaged in costly defence spending, a massive conventional and nuclear arms race, and numerous proxy wars.

The Indies or East Indies (or East India) is a term often used to refer to the islands of Southeastern Asia, especially the Malay Archipelago.In a wider sense, the Indies is also used to describe lands of South and Southeast Asia[1], occupying all of the present Indian Union, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and also Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei, Singapore, the Philippines, East Timor, Malaysia and Indonesia. (Dutch-held colonies in the area were known as the Dutch East Indies before Indonesian independence).The East Indies may also include Indochina, the Philippine Islands, Brunei, Singapore and East Timor. It does not, however, include western New Guinea (West Papua), which is part of Melanesia.

Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. It runs east from Broadway to South Street on the East River, through the historical center of the Financial District. Wall Street was the first permanent home of the New York Stock Exchange; over time Wall Street became the name of the surrounding geographic neighborhood.Wall Street is also shorthand (or a metonym) for the "influential financial interests" of the American financial instry, which is centered in the New York City area.Several major U.S. stock and other exchanges remain headquartered on Wall Street and in the Financial District, including the NYSE, NASDAQ, AMEX, NYMEX, and NYBOT.

William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's preeminent dramatist.He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "The Bard"). His surviving works consist of 38 plays,154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language, and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), also called the (North) Atlantic Alliance, is a military alliance established by the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949. The NATO headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium,and the organization constitutes a system of collective defense whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party.

Christmas, also referred to as Christmas Day, is an annual holiday celebrated on December 25 or January 7 that commemorates the birth of Jesus of Nazareth.The day marks the beginning of the larger season of Christmastide, which lasts twelve days.The nativity of Jesus, which is the basis for the anno Domini system of dating, is thought to have occurred between 7 and 2 BC. December 25 is not thought to be Jesus' actual date of birth, and the date may have been chosen to correspond with either a Roman festival,or with the winter solstice.

6、名词解释骨质疏松症

骨质疏松症是一种代谢性骨病变，单位体积内骨组织量减少是其最大特点。

1）目前世界公认的诊断该病的金标准是双能X线吸收法（DXA）的测定值。

2）骨质疏松症的常见表现为骨骼疼痛、容易骨折。

3）绝经后的女士或是年纪较大的男士比较容易患上此病，但是这一病症可发育任何年龄，且部分性别。

4）骨质疏松症不仅给患者本人带来疼痛、脊柱变形以及骨折，活动受限，严重时生活不能自理，还容易肺部感染以及引发褥疮等严重危害。而且，会给病人家庭乃至社会带来沉重的经济负担。

(6)骨质疏松的英文名词解释扩展资料

预防骨质疏松症：

1）从青少年期就加强运动、保证足够的钙质摄入，同时防止和积极治疗各种疾病，尤其是慢性消耗性疾病与营养不良、吸收不良等，防止各种性腺功能障碍性疾病和生长发育性疾病；

2）避免长期使用影响骨代谢的药物等，可以尽量获得理想的峰值骨量，减少今后发生骨质疏松的风险。

3）成人期补充钙剂是预防骨质疏松的基本措施，不能单独作为骨质疏松治疗药物，仅作为基本的辅助药物。成年后的预防主要包括两个方面。

4）尽量延缓骨量丢失的速率和程度，对绝经后妇女来说，公认的措施是及早补充雌激素或雌、孕激素合剂。

5）预防骨质疏松患者发生骨折，避免骨折的危险因素可明显降低骨折发生率。

7、名词解释 用英文解答

In tort law, a ty of care is a legal obligation which is imposed on an indivial requiring adherence to a standard of reasonable care while performing any acts that could foreseeably harm others. It is the first element that must be established to proceed with an action in negligence. 

A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or environment. Most hazards are dormant or potential, with only a theoretical risk of harm; however, once a hazard becomes "active", it can create an emergency situation. A hazardous situation that has come to pass is called an incident. Hazard and possibility interact together to create risk

It is an area concerned with the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. 

Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury or infection. 

Risk management is the identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks (defined in ISO 31000 as the effect of uncertainty on objectives) followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events[1] or to maximize the realization of opportunities.

8、英语名词解释(有英文解释最好!)

这应该是英美文学里面的名词解释把。1.Lake Poets n. English poets at the beginning of the 19th century who lived in the Lake District and were inspired by it2，Robinson Crusoe n. the hero of Daniel Defoe's novel about a shipwrecked English sailor who survives on a small tropical island3.Jazz Age爵士乐时代(指爵士乐流行的20世纪30年代)4.The Lost Generation 迷惘的一代：是指20年代出现的一代年轻的作家，他们有的参加过第一次世界大战，对战争感到厌恶，有的对战后社会幻想破灭，具有类似的迷惘。代表人物海明威5.stream-of-consciousness意识流6.Modernism现代主义，现代派7.The American Dream美国幻梦，美国梦(用此流行语以强调所谓民主、平等和自由等美国的立国理想)The Instrial Revolution工业革命第9不知道10.Neoclassicism新古典主义11.Paradise Lost失乐园

9、英文名词解释

per⋅son⋅i⋅fi⋅ca⋅tion  /pərˌsɒnəfɪˈkeɪʃən/

–noun 1. the attribution of a personal nature or character to inanimate objects or abstract notions, esp. as a rhetorical figure.
2. the representation of a thing or abstraction in the form of a person, as in art.
3. the person or thing embodying a quality or the like; an embodiment or incarnation: He is the personification of tact.
4. an imaginary person or creature conceived or figured to represent a thing or abstraction.
5. the act of personifying.
6. a character portrayal or representation in a dramatic or literary work.

con⋅trast  /v. kənˈtræst, ˈkɒntræst; n. ˈkɒntræst/

–verb (used with object) 1. to compare in order to show unlikeness or differences; note the opposite natures, purposes, etc., of: Contrast the political rights of Romans and Greeks.

–verb (used without object) 2. to exhibit unlikeness on comparison with something else; form a contrast.
3. Linguistics. to differ in a way that can serve to distinguish meanings: The sounds (p) and (b) contrast in the words “pin” and “bin.”

–noun 4. the act of contrasting; the state of being contrasted.
5. a striking exhibition of unlikeness.
6. a person or thing that is strikingly unlike in comparison: The weather down here is a welcome contrast to what we're having back home.
7. opposition or juxtaposition of different forms, lines, or colors in a work of art to intensify each element's properties and proce a more dynamic expressiveness.
8. Photography. the relative difference between light and dark areas of a print or negative.
9. Television. the brightness ratio of the lightest to the darkest part of the television screen image.
10. Linguistics. a difference between linguistic elements, esp. sounds, that can serve to distinguish meanings.

par⋅a⋅dox  /ˈpærəˌdɒks/

–noun 1. a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.
2. a self-contradictory and false proposition.
3. any person, thing, or situation exhibiting an apparently contradictory nature.
4. an opinion or statement contrary to commonly accepted opinion.

chi⋅as⋅mus  /kaɪˈæzməs/

–noun, plural -mi  /-maɪ/ Show Spelled Pronunciation [-mahy] Show IPA . Rhetoric. a reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases, as in “He went to the country, to the town went she.”

Poverb? 这个应该是 Proverb吧？

prov⋅erb  /ˈprɒvərb/
–noun 1. a short popular saying, usually of unknown and ancient origin, that expresses effectively some commonplace truth or useful thought; adage; saw.
2. a wise saying or precept; a didactic sentence.
3. a person or thing that is commonly regarded as an embodiment or representation of some quality; byword.
4. Bible. a profound saying, maxim, or oracular utterance requiring interpretation.

–verb (used with object) 5. to utter in the form of a proverb.
6. to make (something) the subject of a proverb.
7. to make a byword of.

an⋅ti⋅cli⋅max  /ˌæntɪˈklaɪmæks/

–noun 1. an event, conclusion, statement, etc., that is far less important, powerful, or striking than expected.
2. a descent in power, quality, dignity, etc.; a disappointing, weak, or inglorious conclusion: After serving as President, he may find life in retirement an anticlimax.
3. a noticeable or ludicrous descent from lofty ideas or expressions to banalities or commonplace remarks: We were amused by the anticlimax of the company's motto: “For God, for country, and for Acme Gasworks.”

rep⋅e⋅ti⋅tion  /ˌrɛpɪˈtɪʃən/

–noun 1. the act of repeating; repeated action, performance, proction, or presentation.
2. repeated utterance; reiteration.
3. something made by or resulting from repeating.
4. a reproction, copy, or replica.
5. Civil Law. an action or demand for the recovery of a payment or delivery made by error or upon failure to fulfill a condition

an⋅tith⋅e⋅sis  /ænˈtɪθəsɪs/

–noun, plural -ses  /-ˌsiz/

1. opposition; contrast: the antithesis of right and wrong.
2. the direct opposite (usually fol. by of or to): Her behavior was the very antithesis of cowardly.
3. Rhetoric. a. the placing of a sentence or one of its parts against another to which it is opposed to form a balanced contrast of ideas, as in “Give me liberty or give me death.”
b. the second sentence or part thus set in opposition, as “or give me death.”

4. Philosophy.

那个asstrophe查不到，lz是不是拼错了。
还有，lz是不是在学 literature devices啊？
如果是按照literature devices来说的话，这些词分别是：

Personification

Where inanimate objects or abstract concepts are given human thoughts, actions, perceptions and emotions. E.g. "The moon danced mournfully over the water" - you see that a moon cannot actually dance or with mourning, therefore it is being personified in order to create artistic meaning.

contrast: the process of pointing out differences between things.

Paradox: Where a situation is created which cannot possibly exist, because different elements of it cancel each other out.

In 1984, “doublethink” refers to the paradox where history is changed, and then claimed to have never been changed.

A Tale of Two Cities opens with the famous paradox, “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.”

CHIASMUS (from Greek, "cross" or "x"): A literary scheme in which the author introces words or concepts in a particular order, then later repeats those terms or similar ones in reversed or backwards order. It involves taking parallelism and deliberately turning it inside out, creating a "crisscross" pattern. For example, consider the chiasmus that follows: "By day the frolic, and the dance by night." If we draw the words as a chart, the words form an "x" (hence the word's Greek etymology):
The sequence is typically a b b a or a b c c b a. "I lead the life I love; I love the life I lead." "Naked I rose from the earth; to the grave I fall clothed." Biblical examples in the Greek can be found in Philippians 1:15-17 and Colossians 3:11, though the artistry is often lost in English translation. Chiasmus often overlaps with antimetabole.

Proverb - a short saying, usually of unknown or ancient origin, that expresses some useful thought, commonplace truth, or moral lesson and is most often expressed in simple, homely language. Sometimes, it is allegorical or symbolic. A proverb is appealing because it is succinct and uses simple rhyme, irony, metaphor, and comparison or contrast. Proverbs are common to almost all nations and peoples.

The term is from the Latin proverbium derived from verbum, meaning “word.”

Proverbs are rooted in folklore and preserved by oral tradition.

The best known collection is The Book of Proverbs following The Psalms in The Old Testament.

ANTICLIMAX (also called bathos): a drop, often sudden and unexpected, from a dignified or important idea or situation to one that is trivial or humorous. Also a sudden descent from something sublime to something ridiculous. In fiction and drama, this refers to action that is disappointing in contrast to the previous moment of intense interest. In rhetoric, the effect is frequently intentional and comic. For example: "Usama Bin Laden: Wanted for Crimes of War, Terrorism, Murder, Conspiracy, and Nefarious Parking Practices."

Repetition
When a specific word, phrase, or structure is repeated several times, usually in close proximity, to emphasize a particular idea.

ANTITHESIS (plural: antitheses): Using opposite phrases in close conjunction. Examples might be, "I burn and I freeze," or "Her character is white as sunlight, black as midnight." The best antitheses express their contrary ideas in a balanced sentence. It can be a contrast of opposites: "Evil men fear authority; good men cherish it." Alternatively, it can be a contrast of degree: "One small step for a man, one giant leap for all mankind." Antithesis is an example of a rhetorical scheme. Contrast with oxymoron.